Thallium

Chemical, physical and material properties and data of the chemical element Thallium.

Contents

General Information about Thallium

Regular nameThalliumChemical symbolTlOther namesHistorical namesName meaning, originDiscovery (year)OccurencePosition in the PSEGroup membership

Atomar Properties of Thallium

Atomic number Z81 = number of protonsStandard Atomic Weight204.38
intervall: [204.382, 204.385]

Electron configuration of Thallium

1s	2s	2p	3s	3p	3d	4s	4p	4d	4f	5s	5p	5d	5f	6s	6p	6d	6f	7s	7p
2	2	6	2	6	10	2	6	10	14	2	6	10		2	1

Shorthand electron configuration of Thallium: [Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ 6s² 6p¹ .

Ionization Energies of Thallium

The following table lists the ionization energies IE (ionization potentials); the IE is the energy required in electron volt (eV) per atom to separate a given electron from an Thallium atom.

IE1	IE2	IE3
6.108194	20.4283	29.83

Isotopic Data of Thallium

An overview of the nuclides as well as the isotopic data and properties are listed on the following page: Thallium isotopes.

Chemistry of Thallium

Oxidation states+ 1. + 3Electronegativity1.8 (Pauling original)
1.62 (Pauling)
1.789 (Allen)
1.96 (Sanderson)
1.44 (Allred-Rochow)
3.2 eV (Pearson)Electron affinity0.377(13) eV
36.4(14) kJ mol^-1

Standard Electrode Potential

E⁰ (V)	Symbol	N_ox	Name Ox. Name Red.	Ox. Red.	e^-
-0.3336	Tl	+ I 0	Thallium(I) cation Thallium	Tl⁺ ⇄ Tl (s)	+ e^-
-0.3338	Tl	+ I 0	Thallium(I) cation Thallium	Tl⁺ ⇄ Tl (Amalgam)	+ e^-
0.741	Tl	+ III 0	Thallium(III) cation Thallium	Tl³⁺ ⇄ Tl (s)	+ 3 e^-
1.252	Tl	+ III + I	Thallium(III) cation Thallium(I) cation	Tl³⁺ ⇄ Tl⁺	+ 2 e^-

Material and Physical Properties

Melting point304 °CEnthalpy of fusion (molar)4.14 kJ mol^-1Boiling point1473 °CEnthalpy of vaporization162.1 kJ mol^-1Density11.85 g cm^-3

External Data, Identifiers

CAS registry number7440-28-0InChI =1S/TlInChIKeyBKVIYDNLLOSFOA-UHFFFAOYSA-NPubChem ID5359464

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Last update: 2022-12-12

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