The electron affinity Eea of an atom or a molecule is defined in chemistry as the energy required to release an electron from a singly negatively charged ion: X- → X + e-.
In other words, electron affinity is defined as the energy difference between the lowest ground state of the neutral atom and the lowest state of the corresponding negatively charged ion.
The data table shown below lists the electron affinities of the chemical elements as properties of isolated atoms or molecules, i.e. for individual particles in the gas phase. The corresponding solid-state electron affinities have different values and are not listed here.
The electroaffinity values are expressed in kilojoules per mole (kJ mol-1) and in electron volts (eV) per particle; Z = atomic number.
| Z | Symbol | Element | Eea [eV] | Eea [kJ/mol] |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 1H | Hydrogen-1 | 0.754 195(19) | 72.769(2) |
| 1 | 2H | Deuterium | 0.754 59(8) | 72.807(8) |
| 2 | He | Helium | -0.5(2) | -48(20) |
| 3 | Li | Lithium | 0.618 049(22) | 59.632 6(21) |
| 4 | Be | Beryllium | -0.5(2) | -48(20) |
| 5 | B | Boron | 0.279 723(25) | 26.989(3) |
| 6 | 12C | Carbon-12 | 1.262 122 6(11) | 121.776 3(1) |
| 6 | 13C | Carbon-13 | 1.262 113 6(12) | 121.775 5(2) |
| 7 | N | Nitrogen | -0.07 | -6.8 |
| 8 | 16O | Oxygen-16 | 1.461 113 6(9) | 140.976 0(2) |
| 8 | 17O | Oxygen-17 | 1.461 108 (4) | 140.975 5(4) |
| 8 | 18O | Oxygen-18 | 1.461 105(3) | 140.975 2(3) |
| 9 | F | Fluorine | 3.401 189 8(25) | 328.164 9(3) |
| 10 | Ne | Neon | -1.2(2) | -116(19) |
| 11 | Na | Sodium | 0.547 926(25) | 52.867(3) |
| 12 | Mg | Magnesium | -0.4(2) | -40(19) |
| 13 | Al | Aluminium | 0.432 83(5) | 41.762(5) |
| 14 | Si | Silicon | 1.389 521 2(8) | 134.068 4(1) |
| 15 | P | Phosphorus | 0.746 607(10) | 72.037(1) |
| 16 | 32S | Sulfur-32 | 2.077 104 2(6) | 200.410 1(1) |
| 16 | 34S | Sulfur-32 | 2.077 104 5(12) | 200.410 1(2) |
| 17 | Cl | Chlorine | 3.612 724(27) | 348.575(3) |
| 18 | Ar | Argon | -1.0(2) | -96(20) |
| 19 | K | Potassium | 0.501 459(13) | 48.383(2) |
| 20 | Ca | Calcium | 0.024 55(1) | 2.37(1) |
| 21 | Sc | Scandium | 0.188(20) | 18(2) |
| 22 | Ti | Titanium | 0.075 54(5) | 7.289(5) |
| 23 | V | Vanadium | 0.527 66(20) | 50.911(20) |
| 24 | Cr | Chromium | 0.675 84(12) | 65.21(2) |
| 25 | Mn | Manganese | -0.5(2) | -50(19) |
| 26 | Fe | Iron | 0.153 236(34) | 14.785(4) |
| 27 | Co | Cobalt | 0.662 26(5) | 63.898(5) |
| 28 | Ni | Nickel | 1.157 16(12) | 111.65(2) |
| 29 | Cu | Copper | 1.235 78(4) | 119.235(4) |
| 30 | Zn | Zinc | -0.6(2) | -58(20) |
| 31 | Ga | Gallium | 0.43(3) | 41(3) |
| 32 | Ge | Germanium | 1.232 676 4(13) | 118.935 2(2) |
| 33 | As | Arsenic | 0.804 8(2) | 77.65(2) |
| 34 | Se | Selenium | 2.020 604 7(12) | 194.958 7(2) |
| 35 | Br | Bromine | 3.363 588(3) | 324.537 0(3) |
| 36 | Kr | Krypton | -1.0(2) | -96(20) |
| 37 | Rb | Rubidium | 0.485 916(21) | 46.884(3) |
| 38 | Sr | Strontium | 0.052 06(6) | 5.023(6) |
| 39 | Y | Yttrium | 0.307(12) | 29.6(12) |
| 40 | Zr | Zirconium | 0.433 28(9) | 41.806(9) |
| 41 | Nb | Niobium | 0.917 40(7) | 88.516(7) |
| 42 | Mo | Molybdenum | 0.747 3(3) | 72.10(3) |
| 43 | Tc | Technetium | 0.55(20) | 53(20) |
| 44 | Ru | Ruthenium | 1.046 38(25) | 100.96(3) |
| 45 | Rh | Rhodium | 1.142 89(20) | 110.27(2) |
| 46 | Pd | Palladium | 0.562 14(12) | 54.24(2) |
| 47 | Ag | Silver | 1.304 47(3) | 125.862(3) |
| 48 | Cd | Cadmium | -0.7(2) | -68(20) |
| 49 | In | Indium | 0.383 92(6) | 37.043(6) |
| 50 | Sn | Tin | 1.112 070(2) | 107.298 4(3) |
| 51 | Sb | Antimony | 1.047 401(19) | 101.059(2) |
| 52 | Te | Tellurium | 1.970 875(7) | 190.161(1) |
| 53 | 127I | Iodine-127 | 3.059 046 5(38) | 295.1531(4) |
| 53 | 128I | Iodine-128 | 3.059 052(38) | 295.154(4) |
| 54 | Xe | Xenon | -0.8(2) | -77(20) |
| 55 | Cs | Cesium | 0.471 630(25) | 45.505(3) |
| 56 | Ba | Barium | 0.144 62(6) | 13.954(6) |
| 57 | La | Lanthanum | 0.55(2) | 53(2) |
| 58 | Ce | Cerium | 0.57(2) | 55(2) |
| 59 | Pr | Praseodymium | 0.962(24) | 93(3) |
| 60 | Nd | Neodymium | 1.916 | 184.87 |
| 61 | Pm | Promethium | 0.129 | 12.45 |
| 62 | Sm | Samarium | 0.162 | 15.63 |
| 63 | Eu | Europium | 0.116(13) | 11.2(13) |
| 64 | Gd | Gadolinium | 0.137 | 13.22 |
| 65 | Tb | Terbium | 1.165 | 112.4 |
| 66 | Dy | Dysprosium | 0.352 | 33.96 |
| 67 | Ho | Holmium | 0.338 | 32.61 |
| 68 | Er | Erbium | 0.312 | 30.10 |
| 69 | Tm | Thulium | 1.029(22) | 99(3) |
| 70 | Yb | Ytterbium | -0.02 | -1.93 |
| 71 | Lu | Lutetium | 0.346(14) | 33.4(15) |
| 72 | Hf | Hafnium | 0.1780(7) | 17.18(7) |
| 73 | Ta | Tantalum | 0.323(12) | 31(2) |
| 74 | W | Tungsten | 0.816 26(8) | 78.76(1) |
| 75 | Re | Rhenium | 0.060 396(63) | 5.8273(61) |
| 76 | Os | Osmium | 1.077 80(13) | 103.99(2) |
| 77 | Ir | Iridium | 1.564 36(15) | 150.94(2) |
| 78 | Pt | Platinum | 2.125 10(5) | 205.041(5) |
| 79 | Au | Gold | 2.308 610(25) | 222.747(3) |
| 80 | Hg | Mercury | -0.5(2) | -48(20) |
| 81 | Tl | Thallium | 0.377(13) | 36.4(14) |
| 82 | Pb | Lead | 0.356 743(16) | 34.4204(15) |
| 83 | Bi | Bismuth | 0.942 362(13) | 90.924(2) |
| 84 | Po | Polonium | 1.40(7) | 136(7) |
| 85 | At | Astatine | 2.41578(7) | 233.0865 |
| 86 | Rn | Radon | -0.7(2) | -68(20) |
| 87 | Fr | Francium | 0.486 | 46.89 |
| 88 | Ra | Radium | 0.10 | 9.6485 |
| 89 | Ac | Actinium | 0.35 | 33.77 |
| 90 | Th | Thorium | 1.17 | 112.72 |
| 91 | Pa | Protactinium | 0.55 | 53.03 |
| 92 | U | Uranium | 0.53 | 50.94 |
| 93 | Np | Neptunium | 0.48 | 45.85 |
| 94 | Pu | Plutonium | -0.50 | -48.33 |
| 95 | Am | Americium | 0.10 | 9.93 |
| 96 | Cm | Curium | 0.28 | 27.17 |
| 97 | Bk | Berkelium | -1.72 | -165.24 |
| 98 | Cf | Californium | -1.01 | -97.31 |
| 99 | Es | Einsteinium | -0.30 | -28.60 |
| 100 | Fm | Fermium | 0.35 | 33.96 |
| 101 | Md | Mendelevium | 0.98 | 93.91 |
| 102 | No | Nobelium | -2.33 | -223.22 |
| 103 | Lr | Lawrencium | -0.31 | -30.04 |
| 104 | Rf | Rutherfordium | ||
| 105 | Db | Dubnium | ||
| 106 | Sg | Seaborgium | ||
| 107 | Bh | Bohrium | ||
| 108 | Hs | Hassium | ||
| 109 | Mt | Meitnerium | ||
| 110 | Ds | Darmstadtium | ||
| 111 | Rg | Roentgenium | 1.565 | 151.0 |
| 112 | Cn | Copernicium | ||
| 113 | Nh | Nihonium | 0.69 | 66.6 |
| 114 | Fl | Flerovium | ||
| 115 | Mc | Moscovium | 0.366 | 35.3 |
| 116 | Lv | Livermorium | 0.776 | 74.9 |
| 117 | Ts | Tennessine | 1.719 | 165.9 |
| 118 | Og | Oganesson | 0.056(10) | 5.40318 |
[1] - Electron Affinity
In: IUPAC Gold Book, DOI 10.1351/goldbook.E01977.
Last update: 2024-09-02
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