Scandium

Chemical, physical and material properties and data of the chemical element Scandium.

Contents

General Information about Scandium

Regular nameScandiumChemical symbolScOther namesHistorical namesEka-Boron.Name meaning, originLatin Scandia: meaning Scandinavia.Discovery (year)1879 - Lars Fredrik Nilson.OccurencePosition in the PSEGroup membership

Atomar Properties of Scandium

Atomic number Z21 = number of protonsStandard Atomic Weight44.955908 (5)

Electron configuration of Scandium

1s	2s	2p	3s	3p	3d	4s	4p	4d	4f	5s	5p	5d	5f	6s	6p	6d	6f	7s	7p
2	2	6	2	6	1	2

Shorthand electron configuration of Scandium: [Ar] 3d¹ 4s² .

Ionization Energies of Scandium

The following table lists the ionization energies IE (ionization potentials); the IE is the energy required in electron volt (eV) per atom to separate a given electron from an Scandium atom.

IE1	IE2	IE3	IE4	IE5	IE6	IE7	IE8
6.56149	12.79977	24.75685	73.4900	91.65	110.68	138.0	158.1

Isotopic Data of Scandium

An overview of the nuclides as well as the isotopic data and properties are listed on the following page: Scandium isotopes.

Chemistry of Scandium

Oxidation states+ 3Electronegativity1.3 (Pauling original)
1.36 (Pauling)
1.19 (Allen)
1.09 (Sanderson)
1.20 (Allred-Rochow)
2.8571 eV (Gosh Gupta)
3.34 eV (Pearson)Electron affinity0.188(20) eV
18(2) kJ mol^-1

Standard Electrode Potential

E⁰ (V)	Symbol	N_ox	Name Ox. Name Red.	Ox. Red.	e^-
-2.077	Sc	+ III 0	Scandium(III) cation Scandium	Sc³⁺ ⇄ Sc (s)	+ 3 e^-

Material and Physical Properties

Melting point1541 °CEnthalpy of fusion (molar)14.1 kJ mol^-1Boiling point2836 °CEnthalpy of vaporization304.8 kJ mol^-1Density2.985 g cm^-3

External Data, Identifiers

CAS registry number7440-20-2InChI =1S/ScInChIKeySIXSYDAISGFNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-NPubChem ID23952

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isotopes

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Last update: 2023-05-17

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