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Phosphorus

Chemical, physical and material properties and data of the chemical element Phosphorus.


Contents


Phosphorus

 

General Information about Phosphorus

Regular namePhosphorusChemical symbolPOther namesHistorical namesName meaning, originDiscovery (year)OccurencePosition in the PSEGroup membership

 

Atomar Properties of Phosphorus

Atomic number Z15 = number of protonsStandard Atomic Weight30.973761998 (5)

 

Electron configuration of Phosphorus

1s2s2p3s3p3d4s4p4d4f5s5p5d5f6s6p6d6f7s7p
22623

Shorthand electron configuration of Phosphorus: [Ne] 3s2 3p3 .

 

Ionization Energies of Phosphorus

The following table lists the ionization energies IE (ionization potentials); the IE is the energy required in electron volt (eV) per atom to separate a given electron from an Phosphorus atom.

IE1IE2IE3IE4IE5IE6IE7IE8
10.4866919.769530.2028851.444365.02564220.423263.57309.60

 

Isotopic Data of Phosphorus

An overview of the nuclides as well as the isotopic data and properties are listed on the following page: Phosphorus isotopes.

 

Chemistry of Phosphorus

 

Oxidation states- III. +III. +VElectronegativity2.1 (Pauling original)
2.19 (Pauling)
2.253 (Allen)
2.3 (Mulliken)
2.16 (Sanderson)
2.06 (Allred-Rochow)
6.3405 eV (Gosh Gupta)
5.62 eV (Pearson)
Electron affinity0.746 607(10) eV
72.037(1) kJ mol-1

 

Standard Electrode Potential

E0 (V)SymbolNoxName Ox.
Name Red.
Ox.
Red.
e-
-0.499P+ III
+ I
Phosphorous acid
Hypophosphorous acid
H3PO3 (aq) + 2 H+
⇄ H3PO2 + H2O
+ 2 e-
-0.276P+ V
+ III
Phosphoric acid
Phosphorous acid
H3PO4 (aq) + 2 H+
⇄ H3PO3 (aq) + H2O
+ 2 e-
-0.111P0
- III
Phosphorus, red
Monophosphane
P + 3 H+
⇄ PH3 (g)
+ 3 e-
-0.063P0
- III
Phosphorus, white
Monophosphane
P + 3 H+
⇄ PH3 (g)
+ 3 e-

 

Material and Physical Properties

Melting point44.15 °C (w)
597.2 °C
Enthalpy of fusion (molar)w: 0.66 kJ mol-1Boiling point280.5 °C (w)
431 °C (r. Sublimation)
620 °C (v)
Enthalpy of vaporizationw: 51.9 kJ mol-1Density2.34 g cm-3 (r)
1.823 g cm-3 (w)
2.36 g cm-3 (v)
2.69 g cm-3 (schwarz)
jeweils bei Raumtemperatur.

 

External Data, Identifiers

CAS registry number7723-14-0InChI =1S/PInChIKeyOAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-NPubChem ID5462309

 


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isotopes

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Last update: 2022-12-12


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