Niobium

Chemical, physical and material properties and data of the chemical element Niobium.

Contents

General Information about Niobium

Regular nameNiobiumChemical symbolNbOther namesHistorical namesName meaning, originDiscovery (year)OccurencePosition in the PSEGroup membership

Atomar Properties of Niobium

Atomic number Z41 = number of protonsStandard Atomic Weight92.90637 (1)

Electron configuration of Niobium

1s	2s	2p	3s	3p	3d	4s	4p	4d	4f	5s	5p	5d	5f	6s	6p	6d	6f	7s	7p
2	2	6	2	6	10	2	6	4		1

Shorthand electron configuration of Niobium: [Kr] 4d⁴ 5s¹ .

Ionization Energies of Niobium

The following table lists the ionization energies IE (ionization potentials); the IE is the energy required in electron volt (eV) per atom to separate a given electron from an Niobium atom.

IE1	IE2	IE3	IE4	IE5	IE6	IE7
6.75885	14.0	25.04	38.3	50.55	102.057	125

Isotopic Data of Niobium

An overview of the nuclides as well as the isotopic data and properties are listed on the following page: Niobium isotopes.

Chemistry of Niobium

Oxidation states+5Electronegativity1.6 (Pauling original)
1.60 (Pauling)
1.41 (Allen)
2.9740 eV (Gosh Gupta)
4.0 eV (Pearson)Electron affinity0.917 40(7) eV
88.516(7) kJ mol^-1

Standard Electrode Potential

E⁰ (V)	Symbol	N_ox	Name Ox. Name Red.	Ox. Red.	e^-
-1.099	Nb	+ III 0	Niobium(III) cation Niobium	Nb³⁺ ⇄ Nb (s)	+ 3 e^-

Material and Physical Properties

Melting point2477 °CEnthalpy of fusion (molar)30 kJ mol^-1Boiling point4741 °CEnthalpy of vaporization696.6 kJ mol^-1Density8.57 g cm^-3

External Data, Identifiers

CAS registry number7440-03-1InChI =1S/NbInChIKeyGUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-NPubChem ID23936

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isotopes

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Last update: 2022-12-12

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