Molybdenum

Chemical, physical and material properties and data of the chemical element Molybdenum.

Contents

General Information about Molybdenum

Regular nameMolybdenumChemical symbolMoOther namesHistorical namesName meaning, originDiscovery (year)OccurencePosition in the PSEGroup membership

Atomar Properties of Molybdenum

Atomic number Z42 = number of protonsStandard Atomic Weight95.95 (1)

Electron configuration of Molybdenum

1s	2s	2p	3s	3p	3d	4s	4p	4d	4f	5s	5p	5d	5f	6s	6p	6d	6f	7s	7p
2	2	6	2	6	10	2	6	5		1

Shorthand electron configuration of Molybdenum: [Kr] 4d⁵ 5s¹ .

Ionization Energies of Molybdenum

The following table lists the ionization energies IE (ionization potentials); the IE is the energy required in electron volt (eV) per atom to separate a given electron from an Molybdenum atom.

IE1	IE2	IE3	IE4	IE5	IE6	IE7	IE8
7.09243	16.16	27.13	46.4	54.49	68.8276	125.66	143.56

Isotopic Data of Molybdenum

An overview of the nuclides as well as the isotopic data and properties are listed on the following page: Molybdenum isotopes.

Chemistry of Molybdenum

Oxidation states+6. +4Electronegativity1.8 (Pauling original)
2.16 (Pauling)
1.47 (Allen)
3.0992 eV (Gosh Gupta)
3.9 eV (Pearson)Electron affinity0.747 3(3) eV
72.10(3) kJ mol^-1

Standard Electrode Potential

E⁰ (V)	Symbol	N_ox	Name Ox. Name Red.	Ox. Red.	e^-
-0.15	Mo	+ IV 0	Molybdenum dioxide Molybdenum	MoO₂ (s) + 4 H⁺ ⇄ Mo (s) + 2 H₂O	+ 4 e^-
0.11	Mo	+ VI 0	Molybdic acid Molybdenum	H₂MoO₄ + 6 H⁺ ⇄ Mo (s) + 4 H₂O	+ 6 e^-
0.43	Mo	+ VI + III	Molybdenum acid Molybdenum(III) anion	H₂MoO₄ + 6 H⁺ ⇄ Mo³⁺ + 2 H₂O	+ 3 e^-
0.65	Mo	+ VI + IV	Molybdenum acid Molybdenum dioxide	H₂MoO₄ (aq) + 2 H⁺ ⇄ MoO₂ (s) + 2 H₂O	+ 2 e^-

Material and Physical Properties

Melting point2622 °CEnthalpy of fusion (molar)37.48 kJ mol^-1Boiling point4639 °CEnthalpy of vaporization594.1 kJ mol^-1Density10.28 g cm^-3

External Data, Identifiers

CAS registry number7439-98-7InChI =1S/MoInChIKeyZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-NPubChem ID23932

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Last update: 2022-12-12

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