Manganese

Chemical, physical and material properties and data of the chemical element Manganese.

Contents

General Information about Manganese

Regular nameManganeseChemical symbolMnOther namesHistorical namesName meaning, originDiscovery (year)OccurencePosition in the PSEGroup membership

Atomar Properties of Manganese

Atomic number Z25 = number of protonsStandard Atomic Weight54.938043 (2)

Electron configuration of Manganese

1s	2s	2p	3s	3p	3d	4s	4p	4d	4f	5s	5p	5d	5f	6s	6p	6d	6f	7s	7p
2	2	6	2	6	5	2

Shorthand electron configuration of Manganese: [Ar] 3d⁵ 4s² .

Ionization Energies of Manganese

The following table lists the ionization energies IE (ionization potentials); the IE is the energy required in electron volt (eV) per atom to separate a given electron from an Manganese atom.

IE1	IE2	IE3	IE4	IE5	IE6	IE7	IE8
7.43402	15.6400	33.668	51.2	72.4	95.60	119.204	194.5

Isotopic Data of Manganese

An overview of the nuclides as well as the isotopic data and properties are listed on the following page: Manganese isotopes.

Chemistry of Manganese

Oxidation states+2. +4. +7Electronegativity1.5 (Pauling original)
1.55 (Pauling)
1.75 (Allen)
3.4349 eV (Gosh Gupta)
3.72 eV (Pearson)Electron affinity-0.5(2) eV
-50(19) kJ mol^-1

Standard Electrode Potential

E⁰ (V)	Symbol	N_ox	Name Ox. Name Red.	Ox. Red.	e^-
-1.185	Mn	+ II 0	Manganese(II) cation Manganese	Mn²⁺ ⇄ Mn (s)	+ 2 e^-
0.59	Mn	+ VII + IV	Manganate(VII) anion Manganese dioxide	MnO₄^- + 2 H₂O ⇄ MnO₂ (s) + 4 OH^-	+ 3 e^-
0.95	Mn	+ IV + III	Manganese dioxide Manganese(III) cation	MnO₂ (s) + 4 H⁺ ⇄ Mn³⁺ + 2 H₂O	+ e^-
1.23	Mn	+ IV + II	Manganese dioxide Manganese(II) cation	MnO₂ (s) + 4 H⁺ ⇄ Mn²⁺ + 2 H₂O	+ 2 e^-
1.51	Mn	+ VII + II	Permanganate anion Manganese(II) cation	MnO₄^- + 8 H⁺ ⇄ Mn²⁺ + 4 H₂O	+ 5 e^-
1.7	Mn	+ VII + IV	Permanganate anion Manganese dioxide	MnO₄^- + 4 H⁺ ⇄ β-MnO₂ (s) + 2 H₂O	+ 3 e^-

Material and Physical Properties

Melting point1246 °CEnthalpy of fusion (molar)12.91 kJ mol^-1Boiling point2061 °CEnthalpy of vaporization219.7 kJ mol^-1Density7.21 g cm^-3 (20 °C)

External Data, Identifiers

CAS registry number7439-96-5InChI =1S/MnInChIKeyPWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-NPubChem ID23930

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Last update: 2022-11-17

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