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Iron

Chemical, physical and material properties and data of the chemical element Iron.

Contents

Iron

 

General Information about Iron

Regular nameIronChemical symbolFeOther namesHistorical namesName meaning, originDiscovery (year)OccurencePosition in the PSEGroup membership

 

Atomar Properties of Iron

Atomic number Z26 = number of protonsStandard Atomic Weight55.845 (2)

 

Electron configuration of Iron

1s2s2p3s3p3d4s4p4d4f5s5p5d5f6s6p6d6f7s7p
2262662

Shorthand electron configuration of Iron: [Ar] 3d6 4s2 .

 

Ionization Energies of Iron

The following table lists the ionization energies IE (ionization potentials); the IE is the energy required in electron volt (eV) per atom to separate a given electron from an Iron atom.

IE1IE2IE3IE4IE5IE6IE7IE8
7.902416.187730.65254.875.099.1124.98151.06

 

Isotopic Data of Iron

An overview of the nuclides as well as the isotopic data and properties are listed on the following page: Iron isotopes.

 

Chemistry of Iron

 

Oxidation states+2. +3. +6Electronegativity1.8 (Pauling original)
1.83 (Pauling)
1.80 (Allen)
3.5836 eV (Gosh Gupta)
4.06 eV (Pearson)Electron affinity0.153 236(34) eV
14.785(4) kJ mol-1

 

Standard Electrode Potential

E0 (V)SymbolNoxName Ox.
Name Red.		Ox.
Red.		e-
-1.16Fe+ II
0		Hexacyanoferrate(II) anion
Iron		[Fe(CN)6]4- + 6 H+
⇄ Fe (s) + 4 HCN (g)		+ 2 e-
-0.89Fe+ II
0		Iron(II) hydroxide
Iron		Fe(OH)2 (s)
⇄ Fe (s) + 2 OH-		+ 2 e-
-0.86Fe+ III
+ II		Iron(III) oxide
Iron(II) hydroxide		Fe2O3 (s) + 3 H2O
⇄ 2 Fe(OH)2 (s) + 2 OH-		+ 2 e-
-0.44Fe+ II
0		Iron(II) cation
Iron		Fe2+
⇄ Fe (s)		+ 2 e-
-0.04Fe+ III
0		Iron(III) cation
Iron		Fe3+
⇄ Fe (s)		+ 3 e-
0.085Fe+II/+III
0		Iron(II,III) oxide
Iron		FeII(FeIII)2O4 + 8 H+
⇄ 3 Fe (s) + 4 H2O		+ 8 e-
0.36Fe+ III
+ II		Hexacyanoferrate(III) anion
Hexacyanoferrate(II) anion		[Fe(CN)6]3-
⇄ [Fe(CN)6]4-		+ e-
0.77Fe+ III
+ II		Iron(III) cation
Iron(II) cation		Fe3+
⇄ Fe2+		+ e-
0.81Fe+ VI
+ III		Ferrate anion
Iron(III) oxide		2 FeO42- + 5 H2O
⇄ Fe2O3 (s) + 10 OH- (aq)		+ 6 e-
2.2Fe+ VI
+ III		Ferrate(VI) anion
Iron(III) cation		FeO42- + 8 H+
⇄ Fe3+ + 4 H2O		+ 3 e-

 

Material and Physical Properties

Melting point1538 °CEnthalpy of fusion (molar)13.81 kJ mol-1Enthalpy of fusion (specific)268 kJ mol-1Boiling point2861 °CEnthalpy of vaporization351 kJ mol-1Density7.874 g cm-3

 

External Data, Identifiers

CAS registry number7439-89-6InChI =1S/FeInChIKeyXEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-NPubChem ID23925

 

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isotopes

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Last update: 2022-12-12

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