Gallium

Chemical, physical and material properties and data of the chemical element Gallium.

Contents

General Information about Gallium

Regular nameGalliumChemical symbolGaOther namesHistorical namesName meaning, originDiscovery (year)OccurencePosition in the PSEGroup membership

Atomar Properties of Gallium

Atomic number Z31 = number of protonsStandard Atomic Weight69.723 (1)

Electron configuration of Gallium

1s	2s	2p	3s	3p	3d	4s	4p	4d	4f	5s	5p	5d	5f	6s	6p	6d	6f	7s	7p
2	2	6	2	6	10	2	1

Shorthand electron configuration of Gallium: [Ar] 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p¹ .

Ionization Energies of Gallium

The following table lists the ionization energies IE (ionization potentials); the IE is the energy required in electron volt (eV) per atom to separate a given electron from an Gallium atom.

IE1	IE2	IE3	IE4	IE5	IE6	IE7	IE8
5.9993016	20.51515	30.7258	63.241	86.01	112.7	140.9	169.9

Isotopic Data of Gallium

An overview of the nuclides as well as the isotopic data and properties are listed on the following page: Gallium isotopes.

Chemistry of Gallium

Oxidation states+3Electronegativity1.6 (Pauling original)
1.81 (Pauling)
1.756 (Allen)
1.4 (Mulliken)
2.10 (Sanderson)
1.82 (Allred-Rochow)
4.6638 eV (Gosh Gupta)
3.2 eV (Pearson)Electron affinity0.43(3) eV
41(3) kJ mol^-1

Standard Electrode Potential

E⁰ (V)	Symbol	N_ox	Name Ox. Name Red.	Ox. Red.	e^-
-0.53	Ga	+ III 0	Gallium(III) cation Gallium	Ga³⁺ ⇄ Ga (s)	+ 3 e^-

Material and Physical Properties

Melting point29.7646 °CEnthalpy of fusion (molar)5.59 kJ mol^-1Boiling point2209 °CEnthalpy of vaporization256.1 kJ mol^-1Density5.91 g cm^-3

External Data, Identifiers

CAS registry number7440-55-3InChI =1S/GaInChIKeyGYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-NPubChem ID5360835

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isotopes

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Last update: 2022-12-12

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