Gadolinium

Chemical, physical and material properties and data of the chemical element Gadolinium.

Contents

General Information about Gadolinium

Regular nameGadoliniumChemical symbolGdOther namesHistorical namesName meaning, originDiscovery (year)OccurencePosition in the PSEGroup membership

Atomar Properties of Gadolinium

Atomic number Z64 = number of protonsStandard Atomic Weight157.25 (3)

Electron configuration of Gadolinium

1s	2s	2p	3s	3p	3d	4s	4p	4d	4f	5s	5p	5d	5f	6s	6p	6d	6f	7s	7p
2	2	6	2	6	10	2	6	10	7	2	6	1		2

Shorthand electron configuration of Gadolinium: [Xe] 4f⁷ 5d¹ 6s² .

Ionization Energies of Gadolinium

The following table lists the ionization energies IE (ionization potentials); the IE is the energy required in electron volt (eV) per atom to separate a given electron from an Gadolinium atom.

IE1	IE2	IE3	IE4
6.14980	12.09	20.63	44.0

Isotopic Data of Gadolinium

An overview of the nuclides as well as the isotopic data and properties are listed on the following page: Gadolinium isotopes.

Chemistry of Gadolinium

Oxidation states+3Electronegativity1.1 (Pauling original)
1.20 (Pauling)Electron affinity0.137 eV
13.22 kJ mol^-1

Material and Physical Properties

Melting point1313 °CEnthalpy of fusion (molar)10.05 kJ mol^-1Boiling point3273 °CEnthalpy of vaporization311.7 kJ mol^-1Density7.886 g cm^-3 (25 °C)

External Data, Identifiers

CAS registry number7440-54-2InChI =1S/GdInChIKeyUIWYJDYFSGRHKR-UHFFFAOYSA-NPubChem ID23982

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isotopes

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Last update: 2022-12-12

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