Chlorine

Chemical, physical and material properties and data of the chemical element Chlorine.

Contents

General Information about Chlorine

Regular nameChlorineChemical symbolClOther namesHistorical namesName meaning, originDiscovery (year)OccurencePosition in the PSEGroup membership

Atomar Properties of Chlorine

Atomic number Z17 = number of protonsStandard Atomic Weight35.45
intervall: [35.446, 35.457]

Electron configuration of Chlorine

1s	2s	2p	3s	3p	3d	4s	4p	4d	4f	5s	5p	5d	5f	6s	6p	6d	6f	7s	7p
2	2	6	2	5

Shorthand electron configuration of Chlorine: [Ne] 3s² 3p⁵ .

Ionization Energies of Chlorine

The following table lists the ionization energies IE (ionization potentials); the IE is the energy required in electron volt (eV) per atom to separate a given electron from an Chlorine atom.

IE1	IE2	IE3	IE4	IE5	IE6	IE7	IE8
12.96763	23.8136	39.61	53.4652	67.8	97.03	114.1958	348.28

Isotopic Data of Chlorine

An overview of the nuclides as well as the isotopic data and properties are listed on the following page: Chlorine isotopes.

Chemistry of Chlorine

Oxidation states-1. +1. +3. +5. +7Electronegativity3.0 (Pauling original)
3.16 (Pauling)
2.869 (Allen)
3.3 (Mulliken)
3.28 (Sanderson)
2.83 (Allred-Rochow)
7.2923 eV (Gosh Gupta)
8.30 eV (Pearson)Electron affinity3.612 724(27) eV
348.575(3) kJ mol^-1

Standard Electrode Potential

E⁰ (V)	Symbol	N_ox	Name Ox. Name Red.	Ox. Red.	e^-
1.18	Cl	+ V + IV	Chlorate anion Chlorine dioxide	ClO₃^- + 2 H⁺ ⇄ ClO₂ (g) + H₂O	+ e^-
1.19	Cl	+ IV +III	Chlorine dioxide Chlorous acid	ClO₂ (g) + H⁺ (aq) ⇄ HClO₂ (aq)	+ e^-
1.201	Cl	+ VII + V	Perchlorate anion Chlorate anion	ClO₄^- + 2 H⁺ ⇄ ClO₃^- + 2 H₂O	+ 2 e^-
1.36	Cl	0 - I	Chlorine Chloride anion	Cl₂ (g) ⇄ 2 Cl^-	+ 2 e^-
1.49	Cl	+ V 0	Chlorate anion Chlorine	2 ClO₃^- + 12 H⁺ ⇄ Cl₂ (g) + 6 H₂O	+ 10 e^-
1.63	Cl	+ I 0	Hypochlorous acid Chlorine	2 HClO (aq) + 2 H⁺ ⇄ Cl₂ (g) + 2 H₂O	+ 2 e^-
1.67	Cl	+ III + I	Chlorous acid Hypochlorous acid	HClO₂ (aq) + 2 H⁺ ⇄ HClO (aq) + H₂O	+ 2 e^-

Material and Physical Properties

Melting point- 101.5 °CEnthalpy of fusion (molar)6.406 kJ mol^-1Boiling point- 34.04 °CEnthalpy of vaporization20.403 kJ mol^-1Density3.2 g L ^-1 (0°C; 101.325 kPa. Cl₂)

External Data, Identifiers

CAS registry number7782-50-5InChI =1S/ClInChIKeyKZBUYRJDOAKODT-UHFFFAOYSA-NPubChem ID24526

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Last update: 2022-12-12

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