Bromine

Chemical, physical and material properties and data of the chemical element Bromine.

Contents

General Information about Bromine

Regular nameBromineChemical symbolBrOther namesHistorical namesName meaning, originDiscovery (year)OccurencePosition in the PSEGroup membership

Atomar Properties of Bromine

Atomic number Z35 = number of protonsStandard Atomic Weight79.904
intervall: [79.901, 79.907]

Electron configuration of Bromine

1s	2s	2p	3s	3p	3d	4s	4p	4d	4f	5s	5p	5d	5f	6s	6p	6d	6f	7s	7p
2	2	6	2	6	10	2	5

Shorthand electron configuration of Bromine: [Ar] 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p⁵ .

Ionization Energies of Bromine

The following table lists the ionization energies IE (ionization potentials); the IE is the energy required in electron volt (eV) per atom to separate a given electron from an Bromine atom.

IE1	IE2	IE3	IE4	IE5	IE6	IE7	IE8
11.8138	21.591	36	47.3	59.7	88.6	103.0	192.8

Isotopic Data of Bromine

An overview of the nuclides as well as the isotopic data and properties are listed on the following page: Bromine isotopes.

Chemistry of Bromine

Oxidation states-1. +1. +3. +5Electronegativity2.8 (Pauling original)
2.96 (Pauling)
2.685 (Allen)
3.0 (Mulliken)
2.96 (Sanderson)
2.74 (Allred-Rochow)
6.1658 eV (Gosh Gupta)
7.59 eV (Pearson)Electron affinity3.363 588(3) eV
324.537 0(3) kJ mol^-1

Standard Electrode Potential

E⁰ (V)	Symbol	N_ox	Name Ox. Name Red.	Ox. Red.	e^-
1.0652	Br	0 - I	Bromine Bromide anion	Br₂ (l) ⇄ 2 Br^- (aq)	+ 2 e^-
1.0874	Br	0 - I	Bromine solution Bromide anion	Br₂ (aq) ⇄ 2 Br^- (aq)	+ 2 e^-
1.45	Br	+ V + I	Bromate anion Hypobromous acid	BrO₃^- + 5 H⁺ ⇄ HBrO (aq) + 2 H₂O	+ 4 e^-
1.48	Br	+ V 0	Bromate anion Bromine	2 BrO₃^- + 12 H⁺ ⇄ Br₂ (l) + 6 H₂O	+ 10 e^-
1.85	Br	+ VII + V	Perbromate anion Bromate anion	BrO₄^- + 2 H⁺ ⇄ BrO₃^- + H₂O	+ 2 e^-

Material and Physical Properties

Melting point- 7.2 °CEnthalpy of fusion (molar)10.57 kJ mol^-1Boiling point58.8 °CEnthalpy of vaporization30 kJ mol^-1Density3.1028 g cm^-3 (Br₂)

External Data, Identifiers

CAS registry number7726-95-6InChI =1S/BrInChIKeyGDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-NPubChem ID24408

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Last update: 2022-12-12

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