Boron

Chemical, physical and material properties and data of the chemical element Boron.

Contents

General Information about Boron

Regular nameBoronChemical symbolBOther namesHistorical namesName meaning, originDiscovery (year)OccurencePosition in the PSEGroup membership

Atomar Properties of Boron

Atomic number Z5 = number of protonsStandard Atomic Weight10.81
intervall: [10.806, 10.821]

Electron configuration of Boron

1s	2s	2p	3s	3p	3d	4s	4p	4d	4f	5s	5p	5d	5f	6s	6p	6d	6f	7s	7p
2	2	1

Shorthand electron configuration of Boron: [He] 2s² 2p¹.

Ionization Energies of Boron

The following table lists the ionization energies IE (ionization potentials); the IE is the energy required in electron volt (eV) per atom to separate a given electron from an Boron atom.

IE1	IE2	IE3	IE4	IE5
8.29802	25.1548	37.93064	259.37521	340.22580

Isotopic Data of Boron

An overview of the nuclides as well as the isotopic data and properties are listed on the following page: Boron isotopes.

Chemistry of Boron

Valence electrons3Oxidation states+ 3Electronegativity2.0 (Pauling original)
2.04 (Pauling)
2.051 (Allen)
1.8 (Mulliken)
1.88 (Sanderson)
2.01 (Allred-Rochow)
4.9686 eV (Gosh Gupta)
4.29 eV (Pearson)Electron affinity0.279 723(25) eV
26.989(3) kJ mol^-1

Standard Electrode Potential

E⁰ (V)	Symbol	N_ox	Name Ox. Name Red.	Ox. Red.	e^-
-0.89	B	+ III 0	Boric acid Boron	H₃BO₃ + 3 H⁺ ⇄ B (s) + 3 H₂O	+ 3 e^-

Material and Physical Properties

Melting point2077 °CEnthalpy of fusion (molar)50.2 kJ mol^-1Boiling point3927 °CEnthalpy of vaporization538.9 kJ mol^-1Density2.460 g cm^-3

External Data, Identifiers

CAS registry number7440-42-8InChI =1S/BInChIKeyZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-NPubChem ID5462311

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isotopes

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Last update: 2022-12-12

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