Titanium-45

Properties and data of the isotope ⁴⁵Ti.

Contents

General Data

Radioactive Decay

Parent Nuclides

Isotones und Isobares

Literature

Titanium-45 is a radioisotope of the chemical element titanium, which has 23 neutrons in its atomic nucleus in addition to the element-specific 22 protons; the sum of the number of these atomic nucleus building blocks results in a mass number of 45.

A report from 1941 describes the discovery and identification of the radioactive nuclide during the irradiation of various material samples with four different types of irradiation; titanium-45 was produced by the following nuclear reactions [1]:

⁴⁵Sc(p,n)⁴⁵Ti,

⁴⁵Sc(d,2n)⁴⁵Ti,

⁴²Ca(α,n)⁴⁵Ti and

⁴⁶Ti(n,2n)⁴⁵Ti.

Another method for producing the nuclide ⁴⁵Ti is the nuclear photoreaction (threshold energy 13.3 MeV):

⁴⁶Ti(γ,n)⁴⁵Ti and

⁴⁷Ti(γ,2n)⁴⁵Ti.

See also: List of individual Titanium isotopes (and general data sources).

General data

Name of the isotope:Titanium-45; Ti-45Symbol:⁴⁵Ti or 4522TiMass number A:45 (= number of nucleons)Atomic number Z:22 (= number of protons)Neutrons N:23Nucleon pairing (Z - N):even - oddNuclear ratio (N/Z ratio):1.0454545454545 (= neutron-proton ratio)Neutron excess (N-Z):1Isotopic mass:44.9581208(9) u (atomic weight of Titanium-45)Nuclide mass:44.9460523 u (calculated nuclear mass without electrons)Mass excess:-39.01022 MeVMass defect:0.413322972 u (per nucleus)Nuclear binding energy:385.00786848 MeV (per nucleus)
8.55573041 MeV (average binding energy per nucleon)Separation energy:S_N = 9.5330(11) MeV (first neutron)
S_P = 8.4832(19) MeV (first proton)Half-life:184.8(5) minDecay constant λ:6.251327386002 × 10^-5 s^-1Specific activity α:8.555994109110 × 10⁺¹⁷ Bq g^-1
23124308.403002 Ci g^-1Spin and parity:
(nuclear angular momentum)7/2-Isobaric spin: 1/2Magnetic dipole moment:μ(μ_N) = 0.095(2)Quadrupole moment Q:0.015 barn (100 fm²)Nuclear g-factor:g_l = 0.027142857142857Charge radius:3.5939(32) femtometer fmMirror nucleus:Vanadium-45Year of discovery:1941

Radioactive Decay

Half-life T_½ = 184.8(5) min (minutes) respectively 1.1088 × 10⁴ seconds s.

Decay mode	Daughter	Probability	Decay energy	Details	γ energy (intensity)
EC β⁺	⁴⁵Sc	100 %	2.0621(11) MeV	β⁺: 438.93(22) keV [84.80(13) %]

Starting nuclides and radioactive decay chain of titanium-45

Parent Nuclides

Direct parent isotope is: ⁴⁵V.

Nuclear Isomers

Nuclear isomers or excited states with the activation energy in keV related to the ground state.

Nuclear Isomer	Excitation Energy	Half-life	Spin
^45mTi	36.53(15) keV	3.0(2) μs	3/2-

Isotones and Isobars

The following table shows the atomic nuclei that are isotonic (same neutron number N = 23) and isobaric (same nucleon number A = 45) with Titanium-45. Naturally occurring isotopes are marked in green; light green = naturally occurring radionuclides.

Z	Isotone N = 23	Isobar A = 45
10	³³Ne
11	³⁴Na
12	³⁵Mg
13	³⁶Al
14	³⁷Si
15	³⁸P	⁴⁵P
16	³⁹S	⁴⁵S
17	⁴⁰Cl	⁴⁵Cl
18	⁴¹Ar	⁴⁵Ar
19	⁴²K	⁴⁵K
20	⁴³Ca	⁴⁵Ca
21	⁴⁴Sc	⁴⁵Sc
22	⁴⁵Ti	⁴⁵Ti
23	⁴⁶V	⁴⁵V
24	⁴⁷Cr	⁴⁵Cr
25	⁴⁸Mn	⁴⁵Mn
26	⁴⁹Fe	⁴⁵Fe
27	⁵⁰Co
28	⁵¹Ni

External data and identifiers

Adopted Levels, Gammas:NuDat 45Ti

Literature and References

[0] - Research articles in scientific journals via PubMed: 45Ti.

[1] - J. S. V. Allen, M. L. Pool, J. D. Kurbatov, L. L. Quill:
Artificial Radioactivity of Ti⁴⁵.
In: Physical Review, 60, 425, (1941), DOI 10.1103/PhysRev.60.425.

[2] - K. M. Spohr et al.:
Study of photo-proton reactions driven by bremsstrahlung radiation of high-intensity laser generated electrons.
In: New Journal of Physics, 10, 043037, (2008), DOI 10.1088/1367-2630/10/4/043037.

[3] - Zolbadral Tsoodol et al.:
Production cross sections of ⁴⁵Ti in the deuteron-induced reaction on ⁴⁵Sc up to 24 MeV.
In: Applied Radiation and Isotopes, 168, 109448, (2021), DOI 10.1016/j.apradiso.2020.109448.

[4] - J. Strecker et al.:
Radiochemical isolation of ⁴⁵Ti using ion chromatography.
In: Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry, 333, (2024), DOI 10.1007/s10967-023-09270-z.

[5] - Shefali Saini, Suzanne E. Lapi:
Titanium-45 (⁴⁵Ti) Radiochemistry and Applications in Molecular Imaging.
In: Pharmaceuticals, 17(4), (2024), DOI 10.3390/ph17040479.