Vanadium

Chemical, physical and material properties and data of the chemical element Vanadium.

Contents

General Information about Vanadium

Regular nameVanadiumChemical symbolVOther namesHistorical namesName meaning, originDiscovery (year)OccurencePosition in the PSEGroup membership

Atomar Properties of Vanadium

Atomic number Z23 = number of protonsStandard Atomic Weight50.9415 (1)

Electron configuration of Vanadium

1s	2s	2p	3s	3p	3d	4s	4p	4d	4f	5s	5p	5d	5f	6s	6p	6d	6f	7s	7p
2	2	6	2	6	3	2

Shorthand electron configuration of Vanadium: [Ar] 3d³ 4s² .

Ionization Energies of Vanadium

The following table lists the ionization energies IE (ionization potentials); the IE is the energy required in electron volt (eV) per atom to separate a given electron from an Vanadium atom.

IE1	IE2	IE3	IE4	IE5	IE6	IE7	IE8
6.74619	14.618	29.311	46.709	65.2817	128.13	150.6	173.4

Isotopic Data of Vanadium

An overview of the nuclides as well as the isotopic data and properties are listed on the following page: Vanadium isotopes.

Chemistry of Vanadium

Oxidation states+5Electronegativity1.6 (Pauling original)
1.63 (Pauling)
1.53 (Allen)
3.1482 eV (Gosh Gupta)
3.6 eV (Pearson)Electron affinity0.527 66(20) eV
50.911(20) kJ mol^-1

Standard Electrode Potential

E⁰ (V)	Symbol	N_ox	Name Ox. Name Red.	Ox. Red.	e^-
-1.13	V	+ II 0	Vanadium(II) cation Vanadium	V²⁺ ⇄ V (s)	+ 2 e^-
-0.26	V	+ III + II	Vanadium(III) cation Vanadium(II) cation	V³⁺ ⇄ V²⁺	+ e^-
0.34	V	+ IV + III	Vanadyl(IV) cation Vanadium(III) cation	VO²⁺ + 2 H⁺ ⇄ V³⁺ + H₂O	+ e^-

Material and Physical Properties

Melting point1910 °CEnthalpy of fusion (molar)21.5 kJ mol^-1Boiling point3407 °CEnthalpy of vaporization458.6 kJ mol^-1Density6.0 g cm^-3

External Data, Identifiers

CAS registry number7440-62-2InChI =1S/VInChIKeyLEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-NPubChem ID23990

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isotopes

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Last update: 2022-12-12

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