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Ruthenium

Chemical, physical and material properties and data of the chemical element Ruthenium.

Contents

Ruthenium

 

General Information about Ruthenium

Regular nameRutheniumChemical symbolRuOther namesHistorical namesName meaning, originDiscovery (year)OccurencePosition in the PSEGroup membership

 

Atomar Properties of Ruthenium

Atomic number Z44 = number of protonsStandard Atomic Weight101.07 (2)

 

Electron configuration of Ruthenium

1s2s2p3s3p3d4s4p4d4f5s5p5d5f6s6p6d6f7s7p
22626102671

Shorthand electron configuration of Ruthenium: [Kr] 4d7 5s1 .

 

Ionization Energies of Ruthenium

The following table lists the ionization energies IE (ionization potentials); the IE is the energy required in electron volt (eV) per atom to separate a given electron from an Ruthenium atom.

IE1IE2IE3
7.3605016.7628.47

 

Isotopic Data of Ruthenium

An overview of the nuclides as well as the isotopic data and properties are listed on the following page: Ruthenium isotopes.

 

Chemistry of Ruthenium

 

Oxidation states+4Electronegativity2.2 (Pauling original)
2.20 (Pauling)
1.54 (Allen)
3.3360 eV (Gosh Gupta)
4.5 eV (Pearson)Electron affinity1.046 38(25) eV
100.96(3) kJ mol-1

 

Standard Electrode Potential

E0 (V)SymbolNoxName Ox.
Name Red.		Ox.
Red.		e-
0.2487Ru+ III
+ II		Ruthenium(III) cation
Ruthenium(II) cation		Ru3+
⇄ Ru2+		+ e-
0.455Ru+ II
0		Ruthenium(II) cation
Ruthenium		Ru2+
⇄ Ru (s)		+ 2 e-
0.59Ru+ VII
+ VI		Tetraoxoruthenate(VII) anion
Tetraoxoruthenate(VI) anion		RuO4-
⇄ RuO42-		+ e-
1.00Ru+ VIII
+ VII		Ruthenium(VIII)-oxid
Tetraoxoruthenate(VII) anion		RuO4
⇄ RuO4-		+ e-
1.038Ru+ VIII
0		Ruthenium(VIII) oxide
Ruthenium		RuO4 + 8 H+
⇄ Ru + 4 H2O		+ 8 e-
1.120Ru+ IV
+ II		Ruthenium(IV)-oxid
Ruthenium(II) cation		RuO2 + 4 H+
⇄ Ru2+ + 2 H2O		+ 2 e-

 

Material and Physical Properties

Melting point2333 °CEnthalpy of fusion (molar)38.59 kJ mol-1Boiling point4147 °CEnthalpy of vaporization567.8 kJ mol-1Density12.45 g cm-3

 

External Data, Identifiers

CAS registry number7440-18-8InChI =1S/RuInChIKeyKJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-NPubChem ID23950

 

More Chemistry

isotopes

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Last update: 2022-12-12

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