Copper

Chemical, physical and material properties and data of the chemical element Copper.

Contents

General Information about Copper

Regular nameCopperChemical symbolCuOther namesHistorical namesName meaning, originDiscovery (year)OccurencePosition in the PSEGroup membership

Atomar Properties of Copper

Atomic number Z29 = number of protonsStandard Atomic Weight63.546 (3)

Electron configuration of Copper

1s	2s	2p	3s	3p	3d	4s	4p	4d	4f	5s	5p	5d	5f	6s	6p	6d	6f	7s	7p
2	2	6	2	6	10	1

Shorthand electron configuration of Copper: [Ar] 3d¹⁰ 4s¹ .

Ionization Energies of Copper

The following table lists the ionization energies IE (ionization potentials); the IE is the energy required in electron volt (eV) per atom to separate a given electron from an Copper atom.

IE1	IE2	IE3	IE4	IE5	IE6	IE7	IE8
7.72638	20.2924	36.841	57.38	79.8	103	139	166

Isotopic Data of Copper

An overview of the nuclides as well as the isotopic data and properties are listed on the following page: Copper isotopes.

Chemistry of Copper

Oxidation states+2. +1Electronegativity1.9 (Pauling original)
1.90 (Pauling)
1.85 (Allen)
4.0026 eV (Gosh Gupta)
4.48 eV (Pearson)Electron affinity1.235 78(4) eV
119.235(4) kJ mol^-1

Standard Electrode Potential

E⁰ (V)	Symbol	N_ox	Name Ox. Name Red.	Ox. Red.	e^-
-0.36	Cu	+ I 0	Copper(I)-oxid Copper	Cu₂O (s) + H₂O (l) ⇄ 2 Cu (s) + 2 OH^-	+ 2 e^-
0.1	Cu	+ II + 1	Tetraamminecopper(II) cation Diamminecopper(I) cation	Cu(NH₃)₄²⁺ ⇄ Cu(NH₃)₂⁺ + 2 NH₃	+ e^-
0.159	Cu	+ II + I	Copper(II) cation Copper(I) cation	Cu²⁺ ⇄ Cu⁺	+ e^-
0.34	Cu	+ II 0	Copper(II) anion Copper	Cu²⁺ ⇄ 2 Cu (s)	+ 2 e^-
0.52	Cu	+ I 0	Copper(I) anion Copper	Cu⁺ ⇄ Cu (s)	+ e^-

Material and Physical Properties

Melting point1084.62 °CEnthalpy of fusion (molar)13.26 kJ mol^-1Boiling point2560 °CEnthalpy of vaporization304.6 kJ mol^-1Density8.96 g cm^-3

External Data, Identifiers

CAS registry number7440-50-8InChI =1S/CuInChIKeyRYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-NPubChem ID23978

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Last update: 2022-12-12

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