Carbon dioxide is a chemical compound, often abbreviated as CO₂. Under normal conditions, this colorless, non-toxic, but asphyxiating, non-flammable gas consists of molecules made up of a central carbon atom (C) and two covalently bonded oxygen atoms (O). The C=O bond length is 116.3 pm, and the average bond energy is 804.4 kJ/mol at 25 °C. At equilibrium, a carbon dioxide molecule exhibits linear symmetry (bond angle 180°) and centrosymmetric symmetry.
Other names, synonyms
Carbonic anhydride; Carbonic dioxide; Carbon(IV) oxide
INCI name
CARBON DIOXIDE
Trade names; preparations
R-744
Molecular formula and structural formula of Carbon dioxide:
CO2
Mr = 44.009 g/mol
SMILES: C(=O)=O
Carbon dioxide is a colorless gas under standard conditions; in low concentrations it is odorless, otherwise it has a sour smell; and it is heavier than air. Solid CO₂ is called dry ice and is a white, odorless solid.
Mass-related elemental composition and isotope proportions of the compound Carbon dioxide - CO2 - calculated based on molecular mass.
*) The third column lists the atomic masses or isotope masses of the elements involved and - in square brackets - the natural isotope composition.
The molar mass is M = 44.009 grams per mole.
The amount of substance in one kilogram of the substance is n = 22.723 mol.
The amount of substance in one gram of the substance is n = 0.023 mol.
Monoisotopic mass: 43.989829238 Da - related to 12C16O2.
Propellant, refrigerant, preservative, extraction solvent.
ATC Code:V03AN02
Medical gas, no active ingredient.
For detailed information on the active ingredient, see: DrugBank DB09157, NCI Thesaurus C65288.
E-Nummer: E290
Carbon dioxide is a food additive used in the food industry as a propellant and acidity regulator, as well as for carbonated beverages.
EU: Status and regulations see EU Food Additives DB Ref. Number 94.
INCI Name: CARBON DIOXIDE
Carbon dioxide is an ingredient in cosmetic products, functioning as a propellant.
Source: CosIng (Cosmetic Ingredient Database) number: 32439.
Insecticide, rodenticide - works through fumigation.
Status der EU-Zulassung: Siehe EU Pestizid-Datenbank ID 1454.
(General information without guarantee of accuracy and completeness! The information does not replace the chemical safety data sheet or a risk assessment, but rather provides a general overview of the risk posed by the hazardous substance.
Signal word: Warning
GHS hazard statements (H phrases):
GHS precautionary statements (P phrases):
P403
Labeling in the EU: See ECHA Substance Infocard 100.004.271.
For toxicology and occupational safety when handling Carbon dioxide as well as measures to be taken in case of danger, see: Hazardous Substances Information System GESTIS, ZVG-Nr. 001120.
International Chemical Safety Card ICSC (SDS, MSDS): See ICSC: 0021.
Note: The labeling requirement according to the CLP Regulation (EU) does not apply, among other things, to certain substances and mixtures for end users that are in the form of finished products, such as pharmaceuticals, veterinary drugs, cosmetics, certain medical products and medical devices, food or feed, as well as certain Food additives or flavorings. Special legal regulations may need to be adhered to here.
The table below lists producers and suppliers of Carbon dioxide as a commercial chemical for laboratories, research, industry and production with the corresponding contact details.
[0] - Specialist and research articles in scientific journals via PubMed: Carbon+dioxide.
Last update: 2025-12-12
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